Ingredient Substitutions

Ingredient	Amount	Substitutions
Baking powder	1 teaspoon	¼ teaspoon baking soda plus 5/8 teaspoon cream of tartar, or ¼ teaspoon baking soda plus ½ cup sour milk, or buttermilk (if using sour milk or buttermilk, decrease liquid called for in recipe by ½ cup)
Beef or chicken broth	1 (14½ oz.) can	2 teaspoons instant beef or chicken bouillon granules with water to equal amount of broth specified
Bouillon cube	1	1 tablespoon soy sauce
Dry bread crumbs	¼ cup	¼ cup cracker crumbs, corn meal or 1 cup soft bread crumbs
Butter	1 cup	7/8 to 1 cup shortening plus ½ teaspoon salt, or 1 cup margarine
Catsup or chili sauce	1 cup	1 cup tomato sauce plus ½ cup sugar and 2 tablespoons vinegar (for use in cooking only)
Corn syrup	1 cup	1 cup sugar plus ¼ cup liquid (use the type of liquid that is called for in the recipe)
Cornstarch	1 tablespoon	2 tablespoons all-purpose flour, or 2 tablespoons quick-cook tapioca
Egg (cake batter only)	1	2 tablespoons mayonnaise
Flour, all-purpose	1 tablespoon	½ tablespoon cornstarch or quick-cooking tapioca (for thickening)
Flour, all-purpose	1 cup sifted	1 cup plus 2 tablespoons sifted cake flour or 1 cup unsifted all-purpose flour minus 2 tablespoons
Flour, cake	1 cup sifted	1 cup minus 2 tablespoons sifted all-purpose flour
Garlic	1 clove	small 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder
Gelatin, flavoured	3 ounce package,	a tablespoon plain gelatin plus 2 cups fruit (prepared with water) juice
Herbs, fresh	1 tablespoon	1 teaspoon dried herbs
Honey	1 cup	1½ cups sugar plus ¼ cup liquid (use liquid called for in recipe)
Lemon	1 medium	2-3 tablespoons juice and 1-2 teaspoons rind
Lemon juice	1 teaspoon	½ teaspoon vinegar (for use as acid source in cooking only)
Milk, buttermilk	1 cup	1 cup yogurt or 1 cup sour milk (make sour milk by putting 1 tablespoon of vinegar or lemon juice in a measuring cup and add milk to 1 cup mark) Milk,
Milk, whole	1 cup	½ cup evaporated milk plus ½ cup water
Milk, skim	1 cup	5 tablespoons nonfat dry milk and 1 cup water
Onion, fresh	1 small	1 tablespoon dry minced onion, rehydrated
Prepared mustard	1 tablespoon	1 teaspoon dried mustard
Parsley, dried	1 teaspoon	3 teaspoons chopped fresh parsley
Shortening, melted	1 cup	1 cup vegetable oil
Sour cream	1 cup	1 cup yogurt
Sugar, white	1 cup	1 cup corn syrup minus ¼ cup liquid in recipe, or 1 cup brown sugar (firmly packed), or 1 cup honey (reduce liquid in recipe by ¼ cup), or 1¾ cup confectioners (powdered) sugar (packed)
Tomato juice	1 cup	½ cup tomato sauce plus ½ cup water
Tomato sauce	1 (15 oz. can)	1 (6 oz. can) tomato paste and 1 cup water
Tomatoes	1(16 oz. Can)	3 fresh medium tomatoes, cut up
Yogurt	1 cup	1 cup buttermilk or sour milk (make sour milk by putting 1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice in a measuring cup and add milk to 1 cup mark)